How public contracts are awarded
Open tender, restricted tender, single sourcing and unsolicited proposals: the law, thresholds and review rules in each country, from statutes and procurement authorities, dated. Updated 20 October 2026.
Explainers
- Single-source procurement explained
What direct or single-source procurement is, when the UNCITRAL Model Law and World Bank rules allow it, and how Kenya, South Sudan and Uganda apply it.
Countries
- Public procurement in Kenya
Kenya's procurement law, methods, direct procurement rules under section 103, the Review Board, and privately initiated PPP proposals.
- Public procurement in South Sudan
South Sudan's Public Procurement and Disposal of Assets Act 2018, the Authority, methods, single-source rules, and audit and IMF findings.
- Public procurement in Tanzania
Tanzania's Public Procurement Act 2023, PPRA, procurement methods, direct and single source rules, PPP unsolicited proposals and appeals to the PPAA.
- Public procurement in Uganda
Uganda's PPDA Act as amended, the PPDA Authority, procurement methods, direct procurement conditions and appeals to the PPDA Appeals Tribunal.
Procurement Rules is published by Onward Africa, a communications firm. It is not a government website. Our methodology page explains who we are and how we check every figure.